Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA)

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) is the definitive modern evidence law of India, replacing the colonial-era Indian Evidence Act, 1872. This edition reproduces the full statutory text—cleanly typeset with chapter-wise headings, section numbers mapped to the repealed Act for easy cross-reference, and a structured table of contents to speed legal lookup. Key updates include expanded definitions, explicit treatment of electronic and digital records as primary evidence, provisions for certificates and custodial chains for digital material, and clarified rules on hearsay, privilege, burden of proof and evaluation of expert and forensic evidence. The book is designed for courtroom use, investigation support and exam study: concise layout, indexed sections, and annotations that flag important changes and corresponding IEA provisions. Suitable for practicing advocates, judicial officers, forensic & IT investigators, police trainers and law students, this edition bridges academic understanding and practical courtroom application by linking statutory language with procedural implications. Includes references to official government PDFs and comparison tables to help readers rapidly identify replaced or renumbered sections. A must-have reference for anyone working with modern evidence, especially digital and multimedia proof, in Indian courts.