Criminology & Correctional Administration i.e Penology

This comprehensive textbook on Criminology & Correctional Administration (Penology) provides an in-depth understanding of crime, criminal behavior, and the institutions involved in managing offenders. It begins by exploring classical, positivist, sociological, psychological, and contemporary theories of crime, helping readers understand why individuals and groups engage in criminal acts. The book then transitions to the core principles of penology, covering punishment theories, sentencing policies, prison systems, and the evolution of correctional philosophy in India and worldwide. Detailed sections examine prison management, the rights of prisoners, overcrowding, custodial violence, and the challenges faced by correctional institutions. It also offers clear explanations of probation, parole, open prisons, after-care services, community-based corrections, restorative justice, and rehabilitative programs designed to reintegrate offenders into society.