Sentencing Pattern in India and Abroad with Special Focus on Indian System

Sentencing Pattern in India and Abroad with Special Focus on Indian System is a comprehensive comparative study of how different legal systems approach punishment, mitigation and rehabilitation. Beginning with theoretical foundations (retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation and restorative justice), the book surveys sentencing statutes, guideline schemes and appellate oversight mechanisms in leading jurisdictions and contrasts them with Indian practices. Detailed chapters explore aggravating and mitigating factors, statutory sentencing ranges, structured guidelines, discretionary versus fixed sentencing, parole and probation systems, alternative sanctions, and sentencing for special categories (juveniles, women, white-collar offenders, terrorism-related offences). The Indian-focused sections map Supreme Court and High Court rulings, mandatory sentencing provisions, constitutional constraints, and recent policy debates on proportionality and reform. Each chapter includes illustrative sentencing orders, checklists for judges and counsel, comparative charts, and policy recommendations for improving consistency and fairness. Editors’ notes highlight recurring appellate interventions, data-driven trends where available, and practical drafting tips for imposing reasoned and appeal-resistant sentences. This volume is designed for courtroom use, academic study and policy formulation — bridging doctrine, practice and reform in an accessible, evidence-based format.